The Character Crook from Steinbecks Novel Essay - 1222 Words

The extract I have chosen is from the beginning of chapter four and stretches from page 71 to page 73. This extract gives a detailed description of Crooks, his room and his possessions. The extract I have chosen is from the beginning of chapter four and stretches from page 71 to page 73. This extract gives a detailed description of Crooks, his room and his possessions. The entrance of Lennie into Crooks ´ room and the development of their relationship throughout the scene is shown. At the beginning of the extract Lennie is not welcomed into Crooks ´ room, but at the end they begin to befriend each other. I chose this extract because it provides us with excellent examples of descriptions, dialogue, themes, relationships and†¦show more content†¦This is illustrated by the extensive detailing of Crooks ´ crooked spine, his deep black wrinkles and pain-tightened lips. The reader sympathises with Crooks because he is physically inept and suffers silently. Due to years of loneliness, Crooks is a private man and so was very annoyed when Lennie interrupted him whilst applying liniment to his back; this was a private act of a private man. If you guys would want a hand to work for nothing-just his keep, why I ´d come an ´ lend a hand. I ain ´t so crippled I can ´t work like a son-of-a-bitch if I want to, is an example of Crooks ´ loneliness as he proposes to work for George and Lennie if they buy a ranch of their own. He tries to reassure Lennie that he can still work hard despite his disability. He wants to join George and Lennie ´s dream to counteract his loneliness. This is emphasised by the fact that he is willing to work for just a bed and some food and go without wages. They say I stink. Well, I tell you, you all of you stink to me, is a possible reference to Carlson ´s remark about Candy ´s dog. This gives the impression that the general idea within the ranch is that Crooks is inferior to the others. This suggests that Steinbeck thinks that some black people feel the same way about white people as some white people feel about black people. Steinbeck uses Of Mice and Men ´ to portray issues which he feels strongly aboutShow MoreRelatedComparison Between of Mice and Men Novel Movie Essay787 Words   |  4 Pagesthe original version and the more recent film adaptation of John Steinbeck’s majorly successful novel, Of Mice and Men, the apparency of differences between the two is at times subtle while also being very obvious during different portions of the movie. In the film there are several major differences between the movie and the book with three being particularly apparent. We are shown the differences through the portrayals of char acters, Lennie’s sanity and, simply, the scenes themselves. When watchingRead MoreOf Mice And Men Isolation1219 Words   |  5 Pagesexpress themselves to, however, that is a misconception. There are many who suffer from the pain that isolation brings forth. In addition, there are several divisions in society that cause an emptiness in certain individuals. In society, categories such as race, gender, age, and even the lack of intelligence are all reasons behind isolation’s occurrence. The idea of isolation is further explained in John Steinbeck’s 1937 novel, Of Mice and Men, and in â€Å"Alone†, composed by the artist, I Prevail, in 2016Read MoreJohn Steinbeck: An American Writer During the Great Depression1315 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction During the 1920s and 1930s, USA was suffering from a terrible economic downturn-the Great Depression. It was also a boom period of literature creation and many well-known writers emerged in that special historical time. Because of the difficult situations, American writers turned their focus to social problems and issues. They were motivated to arouse sympathy for the suffering of common people, especially those at the very bottom of the society. (Wang, 2012) John Steinbeck (1902-1968)Read MoreCurleys Wife Loneliness Analysis859 Words   |  4 Pagesthem at some point in their lives. As we feel lonely, we feel the impact and must react some way to cope with the feeling and feel better with ourselves. As seen in John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, the devastating impact of loneliness on human beings is demonstrated through Curley’s Wife, Crooks, and Candy. Throughout the novel, Curley’s wife is used as a model of loneliness in order to show the impact of loneliness and isolation on the human mind. For example, she shows her desperation for attentionRead MoreOf Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck842 Words   |  4 Pagessecluded while working. Men would go far away from their families in search of any jobs they could get, with only themselves to confide in; colleagues only filling in the void of friends and family partially. Naturally, John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men, written during this period, would reflect this fact as a major aspect of the story. Loneliness would become the sinew of Of Mice and Men, manifested in some of the story’s main characters: Candy, Crooks, and Curley’s wife. These allusions to lonelinessRead MoreThe American Dream1179 Words   |  5 PagesSet during the gruelling Great Depression of the 1930’s, John Steinbeck’s touching novella Of Mice and Men focuses on the w orking class of America and two men, George Milton and Lennie Small, as they work on a ranch in hopes of owning their own land. Set in the dusty town of Soledad, California, Steinbeck’s classic characters offer a parable about what it means to be human. George and Lennies ambition of owning their own ranch, and the obstacles that stand in the way of that ambition, reveal theRead MoreArchetypes In John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men838 Words   |  4 Pagesinnocent. Archetypes are characteristics of easy or well-known traits from children’s literature, pop culture, or even everyday life, they help the readers connect with the characters quickly and accurately. Lennie’s archetype is innocent because he is always so caring to others. He is also taken advantage of a lot. Lennie is always so positive even when the hardest situations are thrown at him. In John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men novel Lennie Smalls archetype is portrayed as innocent because he is soRead M oreHow Does Steinbeck Create the Theme of Insecurity in the Novel?1574 Words   |  7 PagesWrite about: †¢ Why some characters feel insecure †¢ How language contributes to a sense of the characters’ insecurity †¢ How the settings contribute to a sense of insecurity †¢ Other features which create a sense of insecurity You must: †¢ Explore how Steinbeck creates a sense of insecurity through the presentation of insecure characters, eg through: Lennie, Crooks and Curley’s wife †¢ Look at language/settings, eg the situation of Curley’s wife and how she feels about Curley and her life on the ranchRead MoreThe American Dream in John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men Essay1430 Words   |  6 Pagesobstacles and beating all odds to one day be successful. This subject is the predominant theme in John Steinbeck’s novel. This is a novel of defeated hope and the harsh reality of the American dream. Steinbeck’s naturalistic and unrefined style of writing is helpful because of its ability to connect with his readers. The most important dream in this novel is that of the two main characters Lennie and George. They are poor, homeless, migrant workers who although their dream is essentially theRead More Of Mice and Men’ is a novel about people. Are there too many3038 Words   |  13 PagesOf Mice and Men’ is a novel about people. Are there too many cripples, misfits and unusual characters in the novel to consider Steinbeck’s portrayal as true life? Steinbeck’s novel is based on ordinary people during the American Depression. Steinbeck has an understanding of how migrant workers were and how it was as he had his childhood in California near Salinas Valley. During the period in which the novel was wrote was written migrant workers went from ranch to ranch working for money

Free Will and Choices - 1546 Words

It has been sincerely obvious that our own experience of some source that we do leads in result of our own free choices. For example, we probably believe that we freely chose to do the tasks and thoughts that come to us making us doing the task. However, we may start to wonder if our choices that we chose are actually free. As we read further into the Fifty Readings in Philosophy by Donald C. Abel, all the readers would argue about the thought of free will. The first reading â€Å"The System of Human Freedom† by Baron D’Holbach, Holbach argues that â€Å"human being are wholly physical entities and therefore wholly subject to the law of nature. We have a will, but our will is not free because it necessarily seeks our well-being and†¦show more content†¦Jean-Paul Sartre says in the â€Å"existentialism is Humanism†, making clear that the basic concept in his existentialist philosophy would be humans freedom. Humans are entirely free, and that we make our own choices that create our own â€Å"essence,† making ourselves into the person that we have become today. Sartre also says that each one of us is free to the fashion in any way that we wish. So we alone are responsible for who we are today. He argues that to value the â€Å"choices† of our own freedom requires that we also value the freedom of other human beings. After reading all of the philosophers’ free will meanings I would admire Jean-Paul Sartre argument the most on free will. The argument of whether we humans are predetermined to turn out how we are supposed to be and to act the certain way we do in our everyday life. If our own decision that are made every second of the day have the freedom to choose our paths in life as a long-standing controversy. The ideas of Freud, Darwin and Sartre are strongly in their own matters of control that is responsible for the decision we carry on to make. Not only this, but also the decision we make have an effect of other people choices, just like their choices affect us. I would have to argue with Sartre because he makes the best outShow MoreRelatedFree Will And Free Choice1122 Words   |  5 Pagesalways known permitted the choice, your free will grants you this privilege. Or does it? Free will is a false concept often confused with free choice. Free will does not truly exist, the limitation s set by nature and the influence of other people hinder the ability to choose without the impact of past experiences. As Barbara Smoker, a British Humanist activist and freethought advocate stated, â€Å"Free choice means you are not forced by other people or what is outside of you. Free will is the idea that youRead MoreAugustine: Free Choices of Will1004 Words   |  5 PagesFree Will St. Augustine’s On Free Choice of the Will elaborates on the relationship between God, free will, and evil. During the very beginning of Book One, he asks the question, â€Å"isn’t God the cause of evil† (Cahn 357). From this question, it can be ascertained that he searches for a connection between God and evil (sins), which inferred in the writing to be connected though free will. He believes that God does not create evil, but rather that evil is simply the lack of good, since God is completelyRead MoreEssay on Choice and Free Will1511 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Free will† is the power of acting without the constraint of necessity or fate. Free will has long been debated by scholars, philosophers, and psychologists. It is a subject that has been argued, theorized, and predicted to the extent of human ability, but recent data has been brought up by two psychologists named Shirley Matile Ogletree and Crystal D. Oberle. These two psychologists assess s urveys given to college level students to evaluate the â€Å"common† or â€Å"plain† perspective of free will. TheyRead MorePersuasion, The, And Free Choice Essay2147 Words   |  9 Pagespresent-day persuasion, it has been defined in many ways. There are many common themes that are associated with these different definitions. Activity/process, attempt to induce change, change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors, transmission, and free choice is a few of the common themes presented throughout time. (Perloff, 1933) The art of persuasion has always been a part of society, through many techniques people have now been able to persuade others. Techniques such as attention-getting, confidenceRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - The Paradox of Free Will1318 Words   |  6 PagesA Paradox: Oedipuss Free will in the Play Oedipus Rex William Shakespeare once wrote, Who can control his fate? (Othello, Act v, Sc.2).  A hero and leader must acknowledge above all else his honor, and the pride of his image.   In ancient Greek beliefs, a hero was a man who stood taller than the rest; he was able to better any conflict.   He did this not for himself or for any token award that may be given to him, but for the security of his fellow man.   Physical strength and superior wit areRead MoreThe Impact Of The Employee Free Choice Act1024 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Senate of the United State Congress were introduced to a bill for the Employee Free Choice Act. The main point of the Employee Free Choice Act was to fix the National Labor Relations Act. Martinez Orteg Johansson (2008) state, â€Å"It has been 30 years since this country came close to amending the National Labor Relations Act to offer more protection for workers trying to organize† (p. 2). The Employee Free Choice Act is supposed to be an effective sy stem and restore the balance where employeesRead MoreFlour Choices For The Gluten Free Diet1064 Words   |  5 PagesTable of Contents Introduction Chapter One: Flour Choices for the Gluten-Free Diet Chapter Two: Quick and Easy Crepes for the Busy Person Chapter Three: Gluten-Free Everyday Crepes Chapter Four: Ethnic Gluten-Free Crepes Chapter Five: Vegan and Vegetarian Gluten-Free Crepes Best Practices Common Mistakes Conclusion Book Description The Ultimate Crepe Cookbook: 50 Easy to Follow Savory, Gluten-Free Recipes for Everyone Whether your health conscious or it’s for health related reasons, many peopleRead More macbeth - fate or free choice Essay702 Words   |  3 Pages Macbeth – Fate or Free Choice? In Macbeth by William Shakespeare, Macbeth’s destiny is determined by the choices he makes. The first hint to the reader of Macbeth’s choices comes as a warning from Banquo to Macbeth about believing the witches, or Weird Sisters. Once Macbeth starts to believe the witches, this belief facilitates his decisions to take certain actions. Macbeth’s choice to believe the witches also gives them control over him, which further illustrates how Macbeth’s destiny is fatedRead MoreThe Choice: A Fable of Free Trade and Protectionism861 Words   |  4 PagesBook Review: The Choice: A Fable of Free Trade and Protectionism In the acclaimed novel, The Choice: A Fable of Free Trade and Protectionism, author Russell Roberts, an economist and writer, tells a fictional story that enlightens readers to the wonders of the economic system. Russell provides an insightful, thought provoking story that illustrates protectionism and free trade, while making the concepts and arguments easy to comprehend. The story is told through dialogue with two main charactersRead MoreThe Choice : A Fable Of Free Trade And Protectionism1295 Words   |  6 PagesThe Choice: A Fable of Free Trade and Protectionism, written by Russell Roberts, is a non-fictional story based around the topics of international trade. The novel’s title does convey what the book is about in a broad sense but is further understood on its accuracy when it is finished. Terminology included simpler words than those of economists so the concepts could be understandable by an average person. There are two main characters in the book, Ed Johnson and David Ricardo. Ed Johnson is the president

Ion Exchange Chromatography Free Essays

g A. Ion exchange Chromatography Ion exchange chromatography is a process for separating proteins and other molecules in a solution based on differences in net charge. Ion Exchange Chromatography relies on charge-charge interactions between the proteins in your sample and the charges immobilized on the resin of your choice. We will write a custom essay sample on Ion Exchange Chromatography or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ion exchange chromatography can be subdivided into cation exchange chromatography, in which positively charged ions bind to a negatively charged resin; and anion exchange chromatography, in which the binding ions are negative, and the immobilized functional group is positive. Once the solutes are bound, the column is washed to equilibrate it in your starting buffer, which should be of low ionic strength, and then the bound molecules are eluted off using a gradient of a second buffer which steadily increases the ionic strength of the eluent solution. Alternatively, the pH of the eluent buffer can be modified as to give your protein or the matrix a charge at which they will not interact and your molecule of interest elutes from the resin. In the study of LU Rong-Rong, et al. lactoferrin was extracted from bovine colostrums using ion exchange chromatography by SP Sepharose Fast Flow (SP Sepharose FF) of excellent absorption specialty for LF, was chosen as the ion exchange with elution rate of 2 L/h. 0. mol/L NaCl aqueous solution was used to elute the secretory immunoglobulin A and lactoperoxidase. Then, lactoferrin was eluted with 1. 0 mol/L NaCl aqueous buffer. Lactoferrin fraction is shown as a single band in SDS-PAGE with molecular weight of 80400 Da. The isoelectric point of lactoferrin is 8. 65 determined by isoelectric focusing. The purity of refined LF on pilot production is 94. 20% with a yield of 75. 45%. Reference: Retrieve from: http://124. 205. 222. 100/Jwk_spkx/EN/abstract/abstract14803. shtml How to cite Ion Exchange Chromatography, Essay examples

Consumer Motivations In Innovative Formats -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Consumer Motivations In Innovative Formats? Answer: Introduction The following report is based on the strategic management of Red Rooster a fast food chain restaurant located in Australia. The fast food industry in Australia often faces a significant change in consumer preference, which leads to influx of new business providing high quality fast food alternatives. However, as the demand of fast food items in the sector is high, the existing organizations adapt to the new trend. The fast food industry has been selected for the assessment in the current report because the fast food sector has increasingly become competitive and started contributing a large amount to the GDP. Thereby, it is necessary to conduct a research on the sector to learn about the forces that drive the growth. Here, Red Rooster has been selected because the chosen organization is one of the rapidly growing organizations throwing unexpected challenges to its competitors. Thus, conducting on report on Red Rooster would help to learn the current innovative marketing strategies. The fast food restaurant chain Red Rooster was established in 1972 and within a short period of operation, Red Rooster became one of the leading fast food brands with its increasing range of products such as roasts, half roast, wraps, burgers, fish items, deserts and beverage (Red Rooster 2018). By 2012, Red Rooster opened up 360 stores across Australia and New Zealand. The firm has large workforce, which enables them to provide a superior quality of service across the nation (Red Rooster 2018). Moreover, online selling opened by Red Rooster helped to penetrate in the wide market where its outlets were not available. The presence and extending operation of Red Rooster contributed to the revenue growth of the fast food industry. As put forward by De Vogli, Kouvonen and Gimeno (2011), the revenue is expected to maximize at an annualized 3.7% by 2017-2018 to $19.8 billion. However, the presence of some large brands such KFC, McDonalds and rapidly increasing street food vendors could prevent the growth of Red Rooster. The existing forces that drive the growth of the firm have been presented with the strategic tool Porters five forces. Porters five forces analysis framework is applied to analyze the industry, particularly, the external business environment. The application of this strategic tool helps to identify the possible challenges that Red Rooster could face in the existing business environment. Porters five forces Bargaining power of suppliers is low in the fast food sector of Australia. This is due to the increasing number of suppliers of some major ingredients such as chicken, fish, and potato. Due to the bulk orders, many suppliers agree to the terms and conditions of Red Rooster. As the sector hinders product differentiation, the number of suppliers is increasing with low bargaining power. As put forward by Red Rooster (2018), in 2007 Red Rooster terminated the contract of one supplier due to their crude slaughtering of the hens and the firm made a long-term contract with another suppliers. Bargaining power of the consumers- (Medium) The bargaining power of customers remain moderate; although consumers have several options with respect to fast food items but due to the cultural effect and economy, people in Australia tend to live a trendy lifestyle (Mak, Lumber and Eves 2012). Thus, they prefer high quality products and services which street vendors are not able to provide. Even though, customers shift to another competitor but the quality of products remain same. Competitive rivalry-(High) Although, Red Rooster is one of the rapidly growing organizations in the fast food sector, it is facing a tough competition from the major players such as KFC, McDonalds, Pizza Hut, etc. As put forward by, Chib (2012) McDonalds is pushing its head on the top position in the international market. Although, there is a product differentiation in some particular products, most of the items are common such as chicken, drinks, salads, mayonnaise, etc. Consequently, each competitor on frequent basis comes up with schemes to attract customers. For example, the major competitor launched membership card for the young customers that not only provide them with discounts at KFC but also to a number of other fast food outlets (Kfc.com.au 2018). Barriers to entry-(Low) The threats of new businesses in the fast food sector are low because the fast food sector requires a high amount of investment, product development as well as marketing. As put forward by Chib (2012), some existing brands such as Red Rooster, KFC and McDonalds have developed a sustainable brand image; thereby, they have developed a loyal customer base. Similarly, the customers have also made their habit of visiting the same restaurants where their needs are effectively fulfilled. In addition to this, the trade tax for the new business in Australia is reaching a benchmark of 30% of overall revenue (Findlay and Warren 2013). Threats of substitute products-(High)-Threats of substitute products are high as there are many small and medium size restaurants and street vendors providing a strong substitute for Red Rooster (Pearson et al. 2011). These small food vendors provide some side dishes such as rice, mashed potatoes and instant pizza that Red Rooster does not offer. As the consequence, Red Rooster seeks to retain its customers by providing intangible services such as Wi-Fi service in the outlets and launching the morning breakfast menu for the consumers (Red Rooster 2018). Porters Value chain Analysis As put forward by Fearne, Garcia Martinez and Dent (2012), a value chain is considered as the chain of activities that an organization conducts to offer valuable products and services for the sector. Value chain of Red Rooster Inbound logistics-Red Rooster purchases raw chicken and other raw product items such as potato, tomato and other required vegetables from its existing suppliers, thereby, by maximizing capital as well as labor, their production could maximize. In this context, Ming, Ismail and Rasiah (2011) that Red Rooster tend to adopt a backward vertical integration by replacing many of its suppliers in order to minimize cost and ensure that the products are of top quality. This strategy is possible because industry has high availability of suppliers. The suppliers of other ingredients such as vegetables are supplied by large grocery and Coca- Cola supplies soft drinks. Operation In order to reduce the time of operation and produce the more items within a same time period, Red Rooster changed the design of its kitchen. For example, A significantly large grill where one kitchen staff could make several roasted chicken items A developed fryer where one individual can make a huge bulk of French fries Multiple numbers of counters where customers can do place and receive the order separately. This helps to avoid crowding near the counter Outbound logistic Red Rooster builds the commitment of providing the highest quality food and service at a significant value in a clear and enhancing environment (Red Rooster 2018). Thus, the firm works with the employees, suppliers to provide a balanced array of food choices as well as provide nutrition information required for consumers to make reasonable buying decision. Support Activities Infrastructure of Red Rooster is sophisticated and modern , as the firm is using IT services such as Wi-Fi but they have a strong focus on the green activities Red Rooster tends to maintain an eco-friendly workplace where the outlet reflects its sustainability goals Key findings and recommendation- The above-mentioned discussion helps to observe that Red Rooster is operating in a competitive environment where competitors have a large market share. Moreover, the aggressive marketing strategies of KFC and McDonalds often place push Red Rooster in danger. Even though, Red Rooster is going with the same pace of operation like its competitors in the sector but with respect to strength and competencies, the competitors are a step ahead than Red Rooster. The operation indicates that Red Rooster is running the operation on short-term goals but increasing consumer awareness of the significance of healthy eating could transform the sector, which could again be a significant challenge for Red Rooster. This is a challenge because if product-manufacturing process to has to be changed due to consumer awareness regarding healthy eating, the firm has to focus on RD, which would be a matter of large investment. On the other side, Red Rooster is not able to attract new customers or lure competitors customers due to lack of promotional activities. Therefore, following suggestions have been provided to avoid the above-presented issues. Digital media adoption- In order to gain consumer attention or to remain in the limelight, Red Rooster needs to publicize its brand to a large platform. Hence, social media is one such option that provides the facility of reaching wide audience in a most time-efficient and cost-efficient manner. Red Rooster needs to take help some popular social media channels such as YouTube, Facebook and Twitter to advertise its healthy chicken items. When the responses can be recorded from the global environment through digital media, the customers in the domestic environment could show interest References Chib, S.S., 2012. Relationship matrix between customer satisfaction and service quality in fast food industry-a comparative study of KFC and McDonald.International Journal of Retailing Rural Business Perspectives,1(1), p.43. Cushen, M., Kerry, J., Morris, M., Cruz-Romero, M. and Cummins, E., 2012. Nanotechnologies in the food industryRecent developments, risks and regulation.Trends in Food Science Technology,24(1), pp.30-46. De Vogli, R., Kouvonen, A. and Gimeno, D., 2011. Globesization: ecological evidence on the relationship between fast food outlets and obesity among 26 advanced economies.Critical Public Health,21(4), pp.395-402. De Vogli, R., Kouvonen, A. and Gimeno, D., 2014. The influence of market deregulation on fast food consumption and body mass index: a cross-national time series analysis.Bulletin of the World Health Organization,92(2), pp.99-107A. Fearne, A., Garcia Martinez, M. and Dent, B., 2012. Dimensions of sustainable value chains: implications for value chain analysis.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(6), pp.575-581. Findlay, C. and Warren, T. eds., 2013.Impediments to trade in services: Measurements and policy implications. Routledge. Kfc.com.au. (2018).KFC Australia | Home. [online] Available at: https://www.kfc.com.au/ [Accessed 4 Feb. 2018]. Mak, A.H., Lumbers, M. and Eves, A., 2012. Globalisation and food consumption in tourism.Annals of tourism research,39(1), pp.171-196. Mialon, M., Swinburn, B., Allender, S. and Sacks, G., 2016. Systematic examination of publicly-available information reveals the diverse and extensive corporate political activity of the food industry in Australia.BMC public health,16(1), p.283. Ming, T.T., Ismail, H.B. and Rasiah, D., 2011. Hierarchical chain of consumer-based brand equity: Review from the fast food industry.The International Business Economics Research Journal,10(9), p.67. Pearson, D., Henryks, J., Trott, A., Jones, P., Parker, G., Dumaresq, D. and Dyball, R., 2011. Local food: understanding consumer motivations in innovative retail formats.British Food Journal,113(7), pp.886-899. Red Rooster. (2018).Red Rooster. [online] Available at: https://www.redrooster.com.au/ [Accessed 4 Feb. 2018]. Shill, J., Mavoa, H., Allender, S., Lawrence, M., Sacks, G., Peeters, A., Crammond, B. and Swinburn, B., 2012. Government regulation to promote healthy food environmentsa view from inside state governments.Obesity reviews,13(2), pp.162-173.

Module 4 free essay sample

All children are different, they all have different abilities at different ages. Therefor we need to ensure we are diverse enough to cater for all the children within the setting. We cater for children aged 2-14yrs at Treasured Tots, we have endeavoured to create an area where theyd all like to be. Surprisingly most f the older children enjoy playing and interacting with the younger children, therefor we have moved our larger tables and chairs into our pre-school room so the older children are able to join the younger children at meal times. As well within the setting we have 2 rooms one which is used mainly for the use of the older children and one for the younger as ensuring we have enough space and different activities for the range of children we care for is key. Children all learn at different rates and are all at different stages of their development, therefor meaning we need to be diverse in the range of activities and materials we have. We will write a custom essay sample on Module 4 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Being an inclusive setting we aid in delivering improved outcomes for all children; closing the achievement gap between disadvantaged children and others, these are both non negotiable as these respect and respond to the childrens entitlements as set out in the UNCRC and other legislations. As well as this, although some people I. e. SENCOs or bilingual support assistants have a particular role to play within this area, everyone working in early years care share collective responsibility, to help all children achieve their full potential, and ensuring that all families feel valued members within the early years community. We achieve inclusive practice by offering care for all children whom wish to attend our setting, offering support to all children and enabling staff to help children overcome barriers, such as language. If we did not design our services around the needs of the children this would hinder their development due to the lack of learning and development facilities for them. Children learn and develop through play and having a facility that did not promote this would mean that the children will not gain the knowledge, risk and materials to develop and learn. Describe how you will promote equality, diversity and inclusion to promote positive outcomes in your new setting. (ref: 030. 4. 2) I will ensure that we are able to include any child whom may wish to join us within our setting. I will ensure we have access arrangements in place for those whom may need it. I will have a SENCO appointed within the setting and will endeavour to work closely with the local authorities and health workers. I will ensure we have access to any courses that may be able to assist me or my colleagues in supporting any children. I will endeavour to look at every child individually and help them to grow and learn in their abilities. These points all promote positive outcomes for the children by delivering improved outcomes for all children, closing the achievement gap between disadvantaged children and others, helps children achieve economic well being. I have been looking at the practical book for pre-schools online and this states what we as pre-schools should be doing to promote equality, diversity and inclusion. It states Early years settings must promote an inclusive society in which every person is fully accepted, respected and valued. This should not be affected by skin colour, disability, social background, gender, religion or belief, or any other factor. All children should be seen as individuals in terms of their learning and development needs. An inclusive approach to education and care means that difference is recognised and celebrated, and that professionals identify and meet any associated needs through their provision. The task for anyone working with young children and their families is to engage with the physical and emotional needs of young children, bearing in mind the child’s racial, religious, cultural background and beliefs. Inclusion and diversity matters because it is a crucial part of our role as early years’ practitioners to secure equality of opportunity for all of the children that we work with. We want every child to be the best that they can be. The Early Years Foundation Stage clearly states that â€Å"All children are entitled to enjoy a full life in conditions which will help them take part in society and develop as an individual†. The common themes here in relation to positive outcomes is that we want the child to reach their full potential, we understand every child is different and therefor their needs and abilities are too. Staff whom work with children have a responsibility to the children to support them effectively. We all endeavour to provide the best possible inclusive individual care to every child ensuring they are able to develop and learn through their time with us. Every child is different and we need to understand why and how. Describe how your room will help development (ref:024. 3. 1) Our room will help children develop as they are learning to develop new relationships and new skills. We will ensure the room is stimulating and attractive as by doing this we encourage their natural curiosity and exploration instincts. Children will be able to access any of the activities and toys throughout their day and will also interact with other children and carers. We will have a diverse range of toys to ensure children are able to grow in their learning. We will have a key worker system in place and ensure we assess childrens abilities. We will initiate activities to help children flourish in areas of learning and development and will allow children to assess their own abilities and offer assistance and support when they need it. The space we have in our room will encourage children to role play and interact with each other, use there physical abilities to move throughout the setting and there own communication to express what they would like or need. We will ensure we have good policies and procedures in place to support the children within our care. These policies and procedures are adhered to by all staff and therefor ensuring they are of excellent quality and standard means the children will receive more effective support and care from the staff.

Zygorhiza Facts and Figures

Zygorhiza Facts and Figures Name: Zygorhiza (Greek for yoke root); pronounced ZIE-go-RYE-za Habitat: Shores of North America Historical Epoch: Late Eocene (40-35 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 20 feet long and one ton Diet: Fish and squids Distinguishing Characteristics: Long, narrow body; long head About Zygorhiza Like its fellow prehistoric whale Dorudon, Zygorhiza was closely related to the monstrous Basilosaurus, but differed from both of its cetacean cousins in that it had an unusually sleek, narrow body and a long head perched on a short neck. Strangest of all, Zygorhizas front flippers were hinged at the elbows, a hint that this prehistoric whale may have lumbered up onto land to give birth to its young. By the way, along with Basilosaurus, Zygorhiza is the state fossil of Mississippi; the skeleton at the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science is affectionately known as Ziggy.

Strategic Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Strategic Human Resource Management - Essay Example A business strategy no matter how good it is, will succeed without the contribution of people. A proper analysis of data collected from human capital can help an organisation in developing business strategy process. In majority of the organisation people is regarded as the most important asset. To create value, an organisation has the task of utilising the knowledge, skills and also abilities of its people. Intangible value that is present in an organisation is its people. The HR personnel therefore have a greater task of managing the people of an organisation. An organisation will be able to achieve its objectives in the business front if strategic HRM is considered as a contributor in business strategy (CIPD, 2009). The case study is about Kazamy Manufacturing, a company having their business in both manufacturing and sales operation. Kazamy is different from other Japanese plants in this regard as most of them are involved only in manufacturing operation. Kazamy has established itself as one of the leading companies in Europe. It focuses on building a cordial relationship with their customers and also they enable their human resources i.e. their staffs to have a say in their marketing policy. Kazamy has given great importance to their manpower resources and utilised their knowledge and qualities in developing the company further. HR director of Kazamy joined in 1986. Since then he along with other members of kazamy hierarchy has worked hard in establishing their position in their business sector. Kazamy followed a strong HR philosophy. They didn’t want a traditional factory which is already present in UK. Their major policies were developed by the use of two principles. They firstly didn’t want to create a prototype Japanese plant existing in the rural Midlands area; secondly they strongly wanted to manage their manpower resource without the influence of any trade union. They valued

Contemporary Issues in Accounting and Finance Essay - 1

Contemporary Issues in Accounting and Finance - Essay Example They consider all this to create an enabling environment that favors their objectives (Jaiswal, 2013). The Standards of the Auditors Ready Ratios (2013) asserts that in the 21st century the European Union came up with an outline of how the auditors should conduct themselves. The outline consisted of the law that stated and guaranteed matters concerning the freedom of the assessors of the law (Kumar & Sharma, 2006, p.134). This was similar to the laws that govern the accountants. It is said that the accountants were given their laws that govern their operations. They were given by the internal profession of the accountants (Knapp, 2010, p.204). In order to promote the equality in the people and all the other professions the European Union issued a framework that was to govern the legal analyst (auditors) and ensure that they were in line with their operation, expectations and their rights. Even though, this did not concur with some stipulations from the international federation of acc ountants. This is because the accountants were entitled to some fundamental freedom and rights that ought not to be compromised. And each accountant had an obligation of independence and doing the right thing. The directives the European Union gave, differed with the directives the international ethics for accountancy (Buijink et al., 1996, p.66). According to Sharma (2012, p.14), the differences were seen and they did expect the law auditors to operate within their stipulations. In giving their outline, the union for accountants had in mind the idea of public interest. They were interested in the good of the people. But in essence the European Union found the laws quite strict for the auditors to withstand (Puttick et al., 2008, p.56). So it was a two way drive. If the law analyst happens to execute their duties within the provisions of the international accountants, the result will be a stronger system in the operation. This is because there were quite stricter provisions. And if they do there duties in the boundaries of the stipulations of the European Union, they will be bound to some freedom (Basu, 2010, p.134). Discussion According to Greene (2005, p.11), a debate about the freedom of the person when conducting and assessing the legal issues forms the basis of the story. It is from this that the general theme of the work is, â€Å"the obligation of auditing†. This discussion is majorly rotating about this question. The title about the auditor being independent comes out from the following discussion (Morris et al., 2009, p.309). Some of the good principals are now in place and should be in mind of the any auditor or accounting profession. Whenever the auditing is to happen, the outstanding statute is the objective of the auditor. In order to show the public, the people moderating and using the audit opinions in particular, the auditor is supposed to be independent. Before entering an agreement with the client; the auditor should ensure a peaceful environment and his independence (Volosin, 2008, p.14). According to Gupta (2004, .1247), the European Union argues that, by defining the key audit partner, it does not

NAS Airlines Proposed Marketing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

NAS Airlines Proposed Marketing Strategy - Essay Example The company has the capacity to evolve to a hybrid operation model with business class seating. The airline company serves 13 domestic destinations and 11 international destinations. Some of the international destinations include the Sana’a route to Yemen in 2009, direct route to Kochi and Kozhikode, India in 2010, Sharm el Sheikh and Assiut in Egypt, in Turkey the airline started services in 2011 in Istanbul, Antakya, and Adana. The company started its services in Karachi and Lahore in Pakistan in 2011,and in 2013 started operations in Dammam and Yanbu in Khartoum, Sudan (Saudi Arabia Tourism Report 33). The company has recently introduced Global Flights program to offer low cost rates between flights in Jeddah and other regions in Asia, Europe or Africa. The launch of Jeddah-London Gatwick services enabled the firm to become the first low-cost carrier to provide service in United Kingdom market. Flynas is the leader of lost cost carrier in Saudi airline since it sets a new s tandard of efficiency in the region. This year the company has had some key developments that include the launch of global flights route program from Jeddah to London and a daily service between Jeddah and Abha to support the increasing capacity of the domestic routes that will drive economic growth in major cities in the kingdom. The expansion program has been possible since the firm has added 3 airbus aircrafts fitted with business economy cabins that amount to a major leap for the firm in the airline industry. Saudi Arabia Tourism Report Q4 2012 (3) says that Saudi Arabia’s FlyNas ends the domestic monopoly market strategy and currently aims to break in the international circles like other airlines. The low cost operator has managed to launch flights between Riyadh-Gatwick and has plans to build long haul operation from the kingdom. In 2014, the company has been successful in the establishment of flights to Kuala Lumpur, Manchester, Surabaya, Casablanca, and Jakarta

History About Wifi Technology Information Technology Essay

History About Wifi Technology Information Technology Essay ABSTRACT In many of the industrial sectors, the wireless networking technologies are gaining rapid approval because of its cost effectiveness, improved reliability and flexibility. The increase in the wireless networks is one of the technological advances that are having a major impact on the way we do business [10]. This paper refers how Wi-Fi technology is organized and some of its applications and advantages over customary means. It also explores how Wi-Fi technologies communicate in the spread spectrum and also its configurations. The Wi-Fi refers to the 802.11b wireless Ethernet standard that was designed to support the wireless LANs. The essential enabling technology is the Wi-Fi technology and it is the only practicable infrastructure for the home which allows the user to extend their networks for home entertainment. The most popular user access technology is the Wi-Fi (WLAN/IEEE 802.11) because of its high bandwidth and low cost. Keywords: Wireless Fidelity, Wi-Fi, WLAN, wireless technologies, IEEE 802.11a/b/g, spread spectrum, configurations. Introduction In the recent years only, the wireless technology has grown rapidly which allows the users more reliable, effective and can access the internet without using the wire. Wireless networks are more effectively used in many applications such as home entertainment, offices, radio, military areas and public places. The term wireless does not mean the disturbance or group of switches. Wireless means the communication without the use of wires other than the antenna, the Ethernet, and the ground taking the place of wires [2]. For several industrial operations, wireless technology affords cost-effective and effective connectivity solutions. Using the wireless technology there are many benefits such as remote facilities, processes and field operation which results in improving productivity, downtime, faster and more accurate data collection. The term Wi-Fi technology is also referred as Wireless Fidelity. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. (IEEE) is the association liable for setting the standards on how the technology and products works, operate and communicate [3]. The 802.11 technology standards, better known as Wi-Fi technology and it is being set up into the Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) equipment and Local Area Network (LAN) access points to quickly connect computer to LANs and as well as internet service providers. The 802.11 standards are growing to supply a higher data rates and better quality of service. Wireless LANs operates on two frequencies such as radio wave and infrared. In the past decades, the wireless access point has come into the market with infrared but in todays world the radio frequencies are used most popularly. The advantage of the radio wave frequency is more penetrate through the walls, floors and doors but whereas the infrared device is on line of sight. Wi-Fi netwo rk connect computer to each other to the internet and to the wired network. 1.2 History of WLAN A WLAN is a local area network without wires and whereas a wired network in which the clients send/receive the data through the cables. The wireless network uses a radio wave frequency. As part of the large family of the spread spectrum systems, the Wi-Fi technology uses single carrier direct-sequence spread spectrum radio technology and multi-carrier OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) radio technology. In 1985, the unlicensed spread spectrum was first approved by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) [5]. In all major countries, these FCC regulations were later copied with enabling some changes in the use of this technology and these regulations were then enabled the growth of Wi-Fi technology according to requirements such as offices, online games and so on. In 1991, the Wi-Fi technology was invented by NCR corporation/ATT (later Lucent and Agere systems) in Nieuwegein, the Netherlands. Initially for the cashier systems, the first wireless product were brought on the market which is marked as WaveLAN with speeds of 1Mbits/s to 2Mbits/s. Vic Hayes, who was the first discoverer of the Wi-Fi and later has been named as Father of Wi-Fi, was involved in designing standards such as 802.11a/b/g. Wireless LANs communicate via the 2.4 GHz or 5GHz band with the unlicensed Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) radio bands where cordless phones, instant monitor and other personal device can also operate. According to Mr. Phil Belanger of the Wi-Fi Alliance contradict the most popular conclusion that Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity [5]. 1.3 Benefits of WLAN A new way to communicate with the user is through the WLANs while accommodating the way business is done. The following are the benefits achieved through WLANs: Mobility within building. Flexibility Lower cabling costs To set up temporary spaces, it is easier Productivity gains Reduced errors Improved efficiency Improved performance, efficiency and security for enterprise partners and guests Easier to collaborate Easier adds, moves and changes and lower support and maintenance costs More efficient use of office space. Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Technology The IEEE 802.11 standard was projected for the WLANs. To handle the networking the short way for Wi-Fi is the wireless. Wi-Fi is easy to access and it is very simple to connect to computer anywhere in the office or homes without the use of wires. Using the radio signals the computer connects to the network. In 1997, the first standard (802.11) was released and works in the frequency band at 5GHz with the data rate of 54Mbits/s and uses the OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) modulation [4]. The Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) is the media access method. The term 802.11.x terms is used to donate the set of amendments to the standard. Within the scope of one building and one room, we can connect to the wireless to the restricted signal range (indoor range is approximately about 1m). skhema Figure 1: Internet connection with wire and without wire (Wi-Fi) At present, the best values of the bit rate have a networks designed accordance with the 802.11n standard that has the typical raw data rate of 540Mbits/s [3]. Wi-Fi network operates in the unlicensed with the 2.4 and 5GHz radio bands, with 11Mbps (802.11b) or 54Mbps (802.11a) data rate or some of the products have dual bands. Wi-Fi network uses radio technologies to transmit and receive the data at high speed. IEEE 802.11 is available in three modes- 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g. IEEE 802.11a/b/g actually describes three different wireless Ethernet standards which are currently implemented in industrial applications as well as commercial applications. These three alternatives are based around the same physical layer of the OSI model and it also defines the bands on what the wireless network is used and also defines the modulation technique. IEEE 802.11 standards include Wi-Fi, W-LAN and Wireless Ethernet. IEEE 802.11a: This standard operation is used in OFDM which operates at a frequency of 5GHz band and thereby allowing the raw transmission data rate up to 54Mbps. It is introduced in 2001. For this band, some of the countries have other uses such as military and air traffic control, so therefore this band is not globally accepted and to be used in the ISM applications. But in some cases, this band can be used inside the building with limited power. In the U.S, the band 5GHz is treated as other 900MHz and 2.4GHz ISM bands. One advantage of the IEEE 802.11a is that it operates with same data rate (54Mbps) as IEEE 802.11g but it escapes sometimes due to crowded with the 2.4GHz channels. Less interference in the 5GHz band appears means the potential for more reliable transmission. The theoretical speed of this standard is 54Mbps but the raw transmission rate of this standard is in between 15-20 Mbps. The range of this standard is 50-75 feet. This is not compatible with 802.11b and it is more expensive . IEEE 802.11b: This standard was implemented in 1999, uses 2.4GHz band with the DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) modulation. The maximum transmission rate of this standard is 11Mbps within 30m range. It is most popular and least expensive. But the actual speed of this standard is 4-6 Mbps. The range of the wireless is 100-150 feet. The subsection of this standard is called Wi-Fi. IEEE 802.11 g: The OFDM technology of 802.11a is adopted in this standard and which is globally accepted with 2.4GHz band. Using the OFDM technique these data rates increased to 54Mbps over the air. It is important that 802.11g is compatible backwards with 802.11b. But this standard is more expensive so prefer to go for the least expensive and better performance which is 802.11b. Components of Wi-Fi: In order to access the Wi-Fi, we require some of the components such as adapters, access point, Wi-Fi antenna, Wi-Fi Bridge, PCI cards that accept wireless PC cards and external USB wireless NICs. The following are the component figures: accecpoint.jpg Figure 2: Access Point Figure 3: Adapters wifi antena.jpg wifi bridge.jpg Figure 4: Wi-Fi Antenna Figure 5: Wi-Fi Bridge Figure 6: PCI cards that accepts wireless PC card Figure 7: External USB wireless NICs How Wi-Fi network works? Wi-Fi network uses the radio waves to communicate each other among devices. The basic concept of the Wi-Fi network is same as the walkie talkies. An access point to the internet connection can be installed through the Wi-Fi hotspot. This access point acts as base station. With this access point, an antenna is physically connected to conventional wired Ethernet network and serves as a bridge to the wireless network. A device encounters the hotspot when the Wi-Fi is enabled and the device can connect to that network wirelessly. Between the client systems, the Wi-Fi can also support communication and allowing the devices to communicate with one another during the peer-to-peer method. A Wi-Fi 802.11b typically can transmit the maximum data rate up to 11Mbps with an approximation range of 150 feet. Beyond that distance, the signal fallback very slow up to 5.5 Mbps, 2Mbps and 1Mbps and this slower speed can move the signals as far as 1500 feet. The actual performance of the network depends upon the signal pattern and the number of obstacles in the area. To indicate the wireless within the area, an access point itself announces through broadcasting, a Service Set Identifier (SSID) approximately 10 times per second. The SSID indicates the name of the network. PCs that are within the range and has equipped with wireless network interface card can receive the SSID, associate with WLAN and request an IP address that will allow them to connect to the local network, surf the internet and view network folders [4]. Wi-Fi Network Topologies Access Point (AP) in the Wi-Fi may vary greatly depending upon their cost but in some of the cases these AP gives selection for roaming where the wireless clients can switch from one AP to another. There are three kinds of network topologies. AP (Access Point)-based topology (Infrastructure Mode) Peer-to-Peer topology (Ad-hoc Mode) Point-to-multipoint bridge topology. AP-Based Topology: Access Point (AP) is the wireless component through which the client can communicate. Access point is the device that contains standard IEEE 802.11 conformant MAC and PHY interface to the wireless medium and provides access to the distribution system for associated stations. Through an AP, BSA-RF (Basic Service access is the area of the radio frequency (RF)) coverage is provided. ESA (Extended Service Access) consists of two or more BSA. In order to allow the roaming, ESA cell consists of 10-15% overlap. The following figure shows the AP-based topology [9]. Figure 8: AP-Based topology Peer-to-Peer Topology: In this topology, the access point is not required. Within the cell, the client devices can communicate directly with one another. This topology is useful in setting up the wireless network very quickly and easily. The following figure shows the peer to peer method. Figure 9: peer-to peer method Point-to-multipoint bridge topology: This type of topology is used in buildings from one to another building apart within the miles. This is required to connect a LAN in one building to a LANs in another building. A clear line of sight is achieved among buildings under these conditions. Based on the type of antenna and wireless bridge used the line-of-sight range varies and as well as in environmental conditions. The following figure shows the point to multipoint bridge topology Figure 10: point-to-multipoint bridge topology Access Point and Wireless Card are the two ways that can use for the networking. Ad-hoc: In this method, the entire wireless cards are used from peer-to-peer network and there is no access point (AP). Infrastructure: All wireless cards connect to the central access point that provides them connectivity with each other as well as wired network [1]. Wi-Fi Configurations A Wi-Fi network is very simple and can be easily set up to the homes and offices that allow the network to share the files, printer and so on. Figure 11: Wireless network set up The public Wi-Fi hot spots are rapidly becoming common in airports, business, hotels, libraries and so on. Wi-Fi Security Security is one of the first disquiet of people deploying a wireless LAN, the 802.11 has addressed the issue through providing what is called WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy). The main concerns of the users are that an intruder would not be able to access the network resources through similar wireless LAN equipment and be able to capture the wireless LAN traffic (eavesdropping). There are two primary components which are required for Wi-Fi network security to be broken down. Authentication Privacy There are two types of authentication is required: first is user authentication and second is server authentication. Authentication means keeping the unauthorized users off from the network. In user authentication server, the username and password is required. This authentication has a risk as well as a solution in sending the data. The risk one is the data is send before the secure channel is established and level to passive eavesdropping by attackers. The solution for this is, before sending the username and password, encrypted channel is established. Secondly in server authentication, the digital certificate is used and within the client software the validation of the digital certificate occurs automatically. Wireless Protected Access (WPA) is a standard based specification, interoperable security enhancement that strongly increase the level of data protection and for existing access control and future wireless LAN systems. Wi-Fi Applications Wi-Fi technology is simple and easy to access the network without the wire. At present, the Wi-Fi is most popular technology that has been used in the market. There are several applications through the Wi-Fi technology. It is used at homes, office, small businesses, large corporations and campuses, health care, wireless ISP (WISP) and travellers. Advantages and Disadvantages of Wi-Fi Advantages of Wi-Fi: It allows the LANs to be set up without cabling and also it reduces the costs and expansion of the network. Wi-Fi network support roaming such that a laptop can move from one access point to another. Wi-Fi is global set of standards. Mobility Ease of installation Reliability and Flexibility Security Use unlicensed part of radio spectrum Disadvantages of Wi-Fi: It can access to limited range. Higher power consumption The most common wireless encryption standard, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) has been broken even if the correct configuration is set up. Interference Typically, Wi-Fi Access Point is set to default to an open (encryption-free) mode. Conclusion: In the past few years, the Wi-Fi technology is growing very rapidly in the rural development areas. In the rural areas, the technology has been helped the consumers in receiving the high speed internet service. All through urban environment the Wi-Fi hot spots are becoming more popular. When the Wi-Fi technology has brought up to the rural and urban areas the broadband internet access price has been drive down. According to the various industrial applications, the network connectivity for the industrial wireless solution provides that is cost effective and efficient. To ensure the reliability of wireless connectivity and safety of industrial operations, a hazardous area classification is necessary that provides the redundant links radio. Currently, there are several standard-based wireless technologies that are used for the industrial applications for the field sensors networking such as ISA100, WHART and ZigBee. Wi-Fi technology is simple and easy to deploy to the network. The IEEE 802.11 is the standard used for the Wi-Fi hot spots. With appropriate security features, industrial hardware and industrial interface products, Wi-Fi technology has a certain association of commercial technology, based on the 802.11 technology and is becoming a solution for many industrial communications and networking.

The Canyon - GMC’s Ultimate Compact Truck :: essays research papers

The Canyon - GMC’s Ultimate Compact Truck The Canyon is GMC’s ultimate compact truck. The truck itself comes in three different types: regular cab, crew cab, and king cab. One particular canyon, for example, is a regular cab pick-up. It can be any color the potential buyer desires. Dark red is the most common color, and a light gray interior usually comes included in the package. Its sleek design provides for minimal wind resistance, and there is a lot of space in the cab. It has a liner installed in the bed, decent rims, and standard hub- caps. There is a little Jesus fish that has been glued on to the tail- gate for decoration. The cab has a newly installed radio/CD player and the standard speakers are decent. The side mirrors are large and it really helps increase the drivers’ visibility, when driving. The tires, however, are sub-standard, but apart from that this truck is a grade A machine. Impressions and messages that people get from objects tell them many things about what its there for, why is it like that, what are the owners tastes, and so on and so forth. This particular canyon (that one mentioned earlier) is a dark red color. This color exudes confidence, endurance, friendliness, and intelligence. The attitude, that the color impresses upon people is a lay back and take it easy attitude. There is a saying that goes along the lines of â€Å"The covering reflects on what is within†. This saying refers to a person’s possessions, and how they are kept, and that reflects upon what kind of person the owner really is. Same thing applies to the truck. The sporty design shows that the driver has some sense of style, and it also hints at the powerful engine under the hood. The standard rims and hub -caps show that the owner is comfortable with what they look like, and it also shows what kind of person he/she is. They are practical, and they think, why waste money on rims? When they could be spending their money on more useful things. The flashy, styling front of the truck gives off a charisma of coolness and intelligence. The front design just shows people how the designers put their imagination and skill to the test. It shows in their work that they have a lot of class and style. The overall design is so enticing that people who might see the truck and look for the logo to see who made it.

Conservation in the Peak District National Park

Conservation in the Peak District National Park involves more than preventing damage and leaving the countryside alone. Management is needed to maintain the variety and interest of the landscape. This involves * Looking after the best features of the landscape, eg well maintained moorland and listed buildings. * Improving neglected features eg rebuilding stonewalls and replanting woodlands. * Managing development so that damage is limited eg building and recreation activities. (2) Extent of Activity Now English Nature has designated 3.4% of the Park as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). These SSSI's cover 23,862 hectares of the Peak District. In these areas, manages must consult English Nature before making any changes which would adversely affect the Nature Conservation interests. The Derbyshire Dales National Nature Reserve includes parts of 5 limestone dales and is managed by English Nature. Country Wildlife Trusts manage reserves totalling 300 hectares. (3) Policies Governing Activity Many organisations are involved in the Peak District National Park these are, * English Nature- the official body responsible for promoting nature conservation nationally. * English Heritage- responsible for archaeology and the built environment. * Peak Park Joint Planning Board- they formulate the conservation policy for the Peak Park. * National Trust, RSPB, Wildlife Trusts- are all also involved with the decisions about the Park. The forestry commission and water companies own large areas of the Peak Park. (4) The Benefits/Importance of Conservation Conservation protects the land from being eroded by overgrazing and tourism. As well as this it monitors development so no unsuitable buildings are built which may spoil the traditional settlements and landscape within the Park. Conservation helps to protect wildlife in particular rare species, which may only be found within the Peak Park. For e.g. Grouse and Sphagnum moss. Conservation protects the characteristics of the Park by encouraging farmers to carry out traditional activities, such as dry stone walling. All of this means that as many people can enjoy the Park as possible but most importantly it's beauty can be viewed by future generations. (5) The Future In the next 50 years we would like to see a continue in the protection of the Peak Park as a living and changing environment. However in order for the park to fulfil it's main aim, which is to show the diversity of life, to provide a beautiful place for city dwellers to visit and to limit development in order to sustain the natural environment restrictions on certain activities must be enforced. We would like to discontinue the use of quarries, as quarrying causes unnecessary noise and air pollution and causes great scars in the natural landscape, which can never be totally repaired. As this is not appropriate as a large majority of Britain's limestone and Fluorspar is provided from the Peak Park, we would not allow any NEW quarries to be started. We would like to limit tourism to such a degree that erosion and damage caused by recreation would be stopped, however once again this would not be possible. It would be more reasonable to limit tourism to certain areas, which may be maintained when required or a small charge in place in order to repair any damage caused. The small roads and villages were not made for the amount of traffic, which is currently running along them. So many cars cause much pollution, which is likely to affect the quality of air. For this we would like to introduce a ban on private transport and would like to see an improvement in park and ride schemes and public transport! The traditional activities of current farmers should be maintained to show the culture of the county side and the slower pace of life. Fertilisers should be positively rejected as these would soon damage the delicate balance of the current Peak Park. Small developments are fine but any major ones, which would spoil the natural feel of the Peak Park, should not take place. We must strive to provide a beautiful place for people from cities to visit and enjoy, however at present it seems that people are wrecking the very place they have come to admire!

Biography of Frida Kahlo †Political Science Essay

Biography of Frida Kahlo – Political Science Essay Free Online Research Papers Biography of Frida Kahlo Political Science Essay Frida Kahlo was born in 1907 in Coyocan, Mexico to a Jewish immigrant family. Her family basically consisted of her father, Guillermo, her mother, and her sister, Cristina. Her father was a famous photographer and her mother, Matidle, a strict Catholic, Frida’s father favored her over his other child. When Frida contracted polio at the age of five, Guillermo was the one who devoted his time to helping her try and recover. Even though he went through hours of strenuous exercises with her, she still ended up with a shriveled right leg. In 1925, Frida was in a horrible bus accident. A trolley car crashed into the bus she was on, sending people flying in every direction. Frida was found with a metal pole protruding from her stomach. At the hospital the doctors discovered that she also had a fractured pelvis, a dislocated shoulder, broken ribs and a shattered leg and foot. The accident would change her life forever. She paints a lot of self-portraits of her looking broken. I am not sick. I am broken. But I am happy as long as I can paint. My painting carries with it the message of painPainting completed my lifeI believe that work is the best thing. Frida met her husband, Diego while working on a mural in Mexico City. He was much older than her but they hit it off. They both had communist beliefs. In 1992 Frida (24) and Diego (42) got married in a courthouse in Coyocan. She got pregnant but had an abortion because her body could not handle a pregnancy. She also had many miscarriages over her life. She expressed her pain through her artwork. A lot of it portrays very bloody and gruesome childbirth. In 1930 the couple went to America. During her time in the states she was overshadowed by Diego’s artwork. People just knew her as his wife that stayed by his side. Frida continued working during this time and even though it never got exposed until recently it was very insightful and deep. A lot of it has Diego somewhere on the canvas. Sometimes he is displayed in her forehead or near her heart. She loved him but resented him a lot too. She expressed both sides. I suffered two grave accidents in my life. One in which a streetcar knocked me down..The other accident is Diego. And Being the wife of Diego is the most marvelous thing in the world. I let him play matrimony with other women. Diego is not anybodys husband and never will be, but he is a great comrade. They went back to Mexico in 1933. They were not exactly a happily married couple. They both had many affairs. Frida had affairs with famous author Georgia O’Keefe and Leon Trotsky, an exhiled Russian of many others. She was a known bisexual. Frida said , OKeefe was in the hospital for three months, she went to Bermuda for a rest. She didnt make love to me that time, I think on account of her weakness. Too bad. In light of her affair with Georgia O’Keefe. The last ten years of Frida’s life was more relaxed than the rest. She taught students at an art institute in Mexico. She had newly found medical problems with her spine that put her back in a hospital bed where she continued to paint. In the year 1953 Frida and her hospital bed where transported to the National Institute of Fine Arts in Mexico City. That raised a few eyebrows but Frida liked to get that kind of reaction. That was her first solo art exhibition. Frida Kahlo died in 1957 at the age of 47. Because Frida had tried at suicide and not been successful people rumored that it was a suicide. She had had a very painful life. She underwent over 30 surgeries throughout her lifetime. She last thing she wrote in her diary was I hope the leaving is joyful and I hope never to return. Citation: biography for frida kahlo at the hammond gallery. Retrieved Apr. 06, 2003, hammondgallery.co.uk.biography.php3?aid+35 Research Papers on Biography of Frida Kahlo - Political Science EssayPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationCapital PunishmentThe Spring and AutumnThe Fifth Horseman19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Hockey GameEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenWhere Wild and West Meet

Saginaw MI essays

Saginaw MI essays Welcome to my hometown of Saginaw, Michigan. I loved growing up in this great city and so did my family. Saginaw has an abundance of history with its lumber, automobile plants, and shipping. I chose a website by the name of Saginaw County, Michigan. It has the best accuracy of all the websites that I looked at throughout the infoseek search engine. A corporation by the name of Multimag Michigan maintains this site. They have a lot of sites about the different cities throughout Michigan and since Saginaw has lots of history to go along with it, they chose to write an article on it too. The authors of the site go into some good detail about the history of Saginaw. It's not quite as good as a novel, but it gives you a good base and some very interesting facts that you might not know. Since the corporation that made the site is widely known and does lots of research about the state, they are very creditable. Everything that was stated on the pages, including the links, was accurate to my knowledge and I've done reports on our city in the past. All the information within the site was about Saginaw, Michigan. There were links on the side of the homepage to go to other sites, but it mostly had to do with Saginaw. The authors showed an abundance of photo shots of historical buildings and places throughout the site. The site was easy to understand, the information was clear, and it was easy to move within the site. There were some quick access hyper-links to other sites that had to do with Saginaw and there was also internal links to other pages that were about Saginaw. All in all, I believe that this was a fun site to learn from because it was easy to move around, and it was accurate. I enjoy learning about history and this was a great site to do it from, especially since it was about my hometown, in which I already have some knowledge about. I liked how it discussed the lumber, fur tradi ...

The reasons that lead Middle Eastern students to study outside their Research Paper

The reasons that lead Middle Eastern students to study outside their country - Research Paper Example I had an opportunity to interview some of the students and this is how they responded. The first said, â€Å"U.S has the best universities in the world and I wish to get a job and stay in the U.S. The other student responded by saying that â€Å"I choose to study abroad especially in U.S because I want to improve my English language skills.† The last student responded, saying, â€Å"Because I want to study a particular major that is not offered by our school back home.† This was a face to face discussion with the students. Apart from the above mentioned reasons, there are others reasons too that make these students to study outside their country. The University of Texas at Austin lists different reasons why students study abroad. â€Å"You will get to know another culture first-hand. Personally experiencing another country will allow you to expand your understanding of its culture beyond the surface-level differences in food, language, and appearances.† (University of Texas 1) The website indicates that the students who study abroad choose to do so since it gives them a chance to experience many challenges and gain new experience. It also argues that the students who study abroad have the chances to make new friends and contacts around the world. They also get an opportunity to meet other international students. (University of Texas 1) A survey conducted by four researchers, Anne West, Apostolis Dimitropoulos, Audrey Hind and John Wilkes indicated different reasons why students study outside their countries. They conducted a face to face dialogue with the students and the responses varied. This information is in the education-line database. Some students in the questionnaire said that they wanted to study abroad to improve their chances of being employed. Others argued that they just studied for fun. Others said that they wanted to study abroad particularly in the US and UK because they believed the

Behavioral, Cognitive, and Constructivist Theories of Learning Essay

Behavioral, Cognitive, and Constructivist Theories of Learning - Essay Example Learning has always played an important role in the lives of human beings. It is only because of learning that human kind is able to enter the recent boosting of technological development. For learning, human kind has always developed certain methodologies and learning theories that can be employed for successful learning. The learning theories that are quite well known are behaviorism, constructivism and cognitivism. Learning can be assessed by the transformation of a person, which is considered by all the above mentioned theories. The learning theories of behaviorism, constructivism and cognitivism regard knowledge as acquirable and identify various ways with the help of which, a person is able to learn in this world. This paper takes into consideration the critical features of behavioral, constructivist and cognitive theories of learning. According to the learning theory of behaviorism, the knowledge that a person keeps or attains by means of experience or rationality can be assessed by means of change of behavior (Gredler, 2005). When a person attains knowledge, his/her behavior changes with the acquisition of knowledge. The behaviorism philosophy can be defined as a philosophy that deals with the transformation of behavior as an indication of learning (Vaill, 1996). Therefore, in behaviorism learning theory deals with the transformation of behavior of an individual as a sign of his/her learning. Learning theory of behaviorism regards learning as wholly external. The behaviorist theory of teaching is more concerned to theoretical knowledge and the teacher divides the learning tasks into chunks and then instructs the students to learn the divided tasks one by one (Vaill, 1996). The teachers’ skills are needed in terms of direct teaching in the behaviorist theory. The students are not only taught but they are also asked to do practice that

The story of my life, Helen Keller Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The story of my life, Helen Keller - Essay Example She had a teacher named as Miss Sullivan who supported her in her learning extensively. Miss Sullivan not only taught her to spell the words, but also to understand feelings and express them. Her educational years were beautified because of Miss Sullivan’s presence. Her life was never static, but always moving because of her learning attached to her motion. She narrates many incidents of her life that give her different kinds of lessons. She also travelled to many places with Miss Sullivan who was very much interested to facilitate Helen in all kinds of learning. Her vocabulary and learning got enriched because of all the incidents and travelling. She was able to complete her graduation based on her continued learning and support from Miss Sullivan. Although, she faced many difficulties in the way, but achieved at the end. She regarded her books as her friends. She seems happy with her supporters’ efforts in leading her life as a privileged life. She had many deprivations, but was able to achieve because she was made

Mark Twain Short Stories Essay Essay Example for Free

Mark Twain Short Stories Essay Essay Mark Twain has composed a myriad of short stories over a long period of time. Twain writes with the passion to charm and amuse the reader. Every single sentence he writes makes one want to keep reading on to see what happens next. His stories also offer a comment on human nature and Twain often questions conventional wisdom. Just because someone’s life did not attach to with what many people see normal, Twain seems to be asking if that makes them lucky when they don’t fail. He responds to that question and challenges the reader to think twice in his short stories. Mark Twain’s stories seem to never be lacking hilariousness. In Luck, for example, he brings out the subject, Lieutenant-General Lord Arthur Scoresby, as a dignified and decorated soldier but then makes a quick turn by quoting the town Reverend saying, â€Å"Privately – he’s an absolute fool† (Twain 265). This blunt change allows Twain the chance to recount the tale told by the Reverend concerning Scoresby’s many failures in battle. Additionally, he sets up the reader in The Story of the Bad Little Boy by painting a dreary picture as to what could happen to the main character. Twain then excitedly breaks the ice with an amusing reveal of what actually happened. Twain writes, â€Å"Is it right to disobey my mother? Isn’t it sinful to do this? Where do bad little boys go who gobble up their good kind mother’s jam?† and then he didn’t kneel down all alone and promise to never to be wicked any more, no that is the way with all other bad boys in the books†¦ He ate that jam, and said it was bully; and he put in the tar, and said that was bully, also, and laughed, and observed that the old woman would get up and snort† (11). This process of creating a sullen circumstance and then flamboyantly reversing course is depicted in most of Twain’s stories and was used to have a great effect. Mark Twain used humor to thrill the reader, which he did effectively and consistently, but he also used it make a clear point. The most frequent point he was trying to make was that society is too uptight. In The Story of the Bad Little Boy, he underlines a wide range of â€Å"bad† things that the main character does but wraps it up that it had little bearing on him when he became a man. Twain writes, â€Å"And he grew up and married, and raised a large family, and brained them all with an ax one night, and got wealthy by all manner of cheating and rascality; and now he is the infernalest wickedest  scoundrel in his native village, and is universally respected, and belongs to the legislature† (13). This was Twain’s way of getting at the notion that a naughty child will always be a bad person. He does this again in Science vs. Luck in which he pokes fun at the over-the-top laws against gambling and games of chance. Twain does this through the main character, a nifty attorney, who argues that the game of seven-up is actually a game of science rather than chance so should not be considered gambling. Twain writes, â€Å"We, the jury in the case do hereby unanimously decide that the game commonly known as old sledge or seven-up is eminently a game of science and not chance†¦ In demonstration where of it is hereby and herein stated, iterated, reiterated, set forth and made manifest that, during the entire night, the â€Å"chance† men never won a game† (73). By using humor to sink in the message, Twain was able to poke fun at the conservative folks that ruled his day, and ours. Conservative thinking includes the presumption that people who succeed while acting in an unconventional manner must be lucky. Twain also poked fun at that thinking as well. The hero in Luck, Lieutenant-General Lord Arthur Scoresby, was privately thought to be a fool and the luckiest man on earth to survive in the military for decades. Twain then brings up nearly a dozen events in which Scoresby went against conventional wisdom and managed to live, leaving the reader to wonder the question, â€Å"Was it really luck or was Scoresby just good at what he did?† He also attains a familiar and similar goal in The Story of the Bad Little Boy in which the main character survives many near-fatal events to become a pillar of society. Twain seems to ask, â€Å"Was the boy really lucky to survive his childhood or was society too uptight?† Finally, in Science vs. Luck, Twain points out that games of â€Å"chance† are nothing more than complicated science or math problems. Once again, Twain intrigues the reader to consider whether the conservative view is the one and only view. Mark Twain wrote short stories with strong intent. He had a critical yet comical perspective that allowed him to see the humor in serious matters. Twain wrote about them in a way that was entertaining while also serving to share his perspective on his literature. For those readers who took themselves too seriously, they probably only saw the humor part. To those who chose to read between the lines laughed, but also probably stopped to reflect on the message. In his unique way, Mark Twain may have changed the course of human nature and society with his writings. Works Cited Twain, Mark. The Complete Short Stories. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2012. Print.

Reflective Essay on the US Healthcare System

Reflective Essay on the US Healthcare System What is right with the U.S. Health Care System Marina Bukhrashvili The national strategy presented in The Affordable Care Act (ACA) seeks to fund prevention and public health. This is an important goal in our nation’s health care system. Prevention services, which include wellness, research, health screening, educational campaigns for preventive benefits and immunization programs, may have a positive effect on decreasing health care costs. To me, this first mandatory fund, also known as the Prevention and Public Health Fund (PPHF), is very important since as I am planning a career path that involves public health and the health of the community. Seventy-six percent of the U.S. health care expenditure are spent on treating preventable chronic diseases (The Hasting Center, 2010). By law, the Prevention Public Health Fund must be used to provide for expanded and sustained national investment in prevention and public health programs to improve health and help restrain the rate of growth in private and public health care costs. (American Public Health Association, 2010). I work in a skilled nursing facility which provides acute rehabilitation services to an elderly population following hospitalization. During an intake interview last winter, I asked an 82 year old female about her immunization history and she reported that â€Å"she never took a flu shot in her life.† And she doesn’t remember ever taking any type of vaccinations. She said that she was afraid that a vaccination would infect her and make her sick and that her sister â€Å"got sick from the flu vaccine.† It has been my experience that a great majority of our patients receive important immunizations for the first time during their stay at our facility. This finding is in line with research that shows that less than 50 percent of adults’ age 65 years or older were up-to-date with immunizations regardless of regular checkups (Department of Human Health Services, 2010). This is the case even though these services are paid for by almost all insurance plans, includ ing Medicare and Medicaid, according to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (2011). Based on this experience, I feel that the PPHF maybe providing the necessary resources to promote the health of communities and contain health care costs that would arise from treating acute infections. Even though influenza and pneumonia are the fifth major causes of deaths in the country (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013), the immunization rates are still moderate. Despite all efforts to control health care across, racial, gender and age, the differences in influenza coverage persist. As the focus of health care shifts from post-diagnostic treatment to preventive medicine, making immunizations a part of every person’s health care plan is an essential first step in achieving this goal. Doctors’ offices that treat adult population seem to be a good choice for promoting vaccination but this strategy is not effective in increasing immunization rates for adults since most physicians have busy practices which mainly focus on treating acute illness versus seeing healthy patients for preventive medicine. In addition, according to Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (2009), the leading causes for low immunization rates in the last few years were the high cost of screening, insufficient funds to cover the co-payment or deductibles; lack of knowledge of what health insurance would cover; and lack of health insurance. In addition, many older adults may not have a regular doctor or do not go for a check up on a regular basis. The prohibitive cost was addressed for Medicare beneficiaries by the ACA (2010) to some extent, which broadens the Medicare coverage for preventive services suggested by the USPSTF and eliminates out-of-pocket costs. There is no payment for influenza, pneumococcal and hepatitis B vaccines (Cassidy 2010). Although compliance with influenza vaccination has increased dramatically after Medicare began paying for influenza vaccines for the nation’s older and disabled population and after health reform in 2010, the proportion of older persons receiving this vaccine is still considerably low in elderly populations (CDC, 2013). According to the research (Eurich et al., 2008) some patients benefited from receiving influenza vaccination before they were hospitalized for pneumonia. As a result of passage of Affordable Care Act, most health insurance now covers co-payments for recommended clinical preventive services, which reduces financial cost to beneficiaries, however, the challenge remains to make older adults aware of the value of preventive services and encourage them to get the services they need. All efforts should be made to expand awareness in the community about clinical preventive services and benefits. . Nurses could send reminders to the health care providers to notify patients when the vaccinations are due. Such reminders could be issued on seasonal basis to educate patients about importance about vaccinations during patient encounters such as the registration interview. Educational Seminars can be conducted across various community centers before immunization season begins. Interactions focusing on different ethnic groups may help to find and address their misconceptions about immunizations, if there are any. Nurses will play a key part in the f ulfillment of the mandate of ACA and their expending scope of practice is already shaping the future of healthcare. References Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. National Healthcare Disparities Report 2008. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2009. Available at: www.ahrq.gov/qual/nhdr08/nhdr08.pdf American Public Health Association (2010). Prevention of Public Health Fund. Available at: www.apha.org/advocacy/Health+Reform/PH+Fund/ Cassidy 2010: Cassidy A., Health Affairs and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Health Policy Brief: Preventive Services Without Cost Sharing, Health Affairs, December 28, 2010. Available at: www.healthaffairs.org/healthpolicybriefs/brief.php?brief_id=37 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The State of Aging and Health in America 2013. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2013. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2020, Older Adult Section, December 2010. Available at: www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=31 Eurich, D. C., Marrie, T. J., J, J., M, S. R. (2008). Mortality reduction with Influenza vaccine in patients with Pneumonia outside â€Å"flu† season. American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, 178, 527-533 The Hasting Center. Health Care Cost Monitor. Projected Costs of Chronic Diseases, January 22, 2010. Available at: http://healthcarecostmonitor.thehastingscenter.org/kimberlyswartz/projected-costs-of- chronic-diseases/ The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Section 4002: Prevention and Public Health Fund. 111th Congress. Enacted March 23, 2010. Available at: http://housedocs.house.gov/energycommerce/ppacacon.pdf U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. USPSTF A and B Recommendations. Available at: www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsabrecs.htm

Good and Evil in Goethes Faust :: Faust Essays

Good and Evil in Faust In Faust Goethe shows many of his opinions about good, evil, and religion. Goethe uses characters like The Lord and Gretchen in the early part of the play to set examples of goodness. Goethe uses characters like Mephistopheles to stand for evil. Throughout the play Goethe also uses examples of the church to show how he feels the church works. The concept of good for Goethe is that everyone has the ability to be good and that errors in judgment are what make people bad but if a person keeps striving these mistakes will bring them closer to righteousness. As long as a person continues to keep moving and doing things they will most likely achieve righteousness. This is shown in the bet between Faust and Mephistopheles. Faust says that if at any time he says, "Linger a while! Thou art so fair!" that will be when Faust dies and serves Mephistopheles. This shows that if Faust were to stop wanting to do anything it would be a horrible sin. The Lord which many perceive to stand for God stands for the perfection that Faust is trying to accomplish with his life. Gretchen in the early part of the play stands for perfection because she is inexperienced and knows nothing else until Faust starts to seduce her. The concept of bad for Goethe can be seen most in the character of Mephistopheles. Mephistopheles is believed to stand for the devil. When he first introduces himself he describes himself as "a part of that Power which always wills evil, always procures good.....the Spirit which always denies." Mephistopheles actions such as talking Faust into taking advantage of Gretchen and then telling him to leave her are seen as evil actions. The fact that Mephistopheles spends time with witches which most people see as evil shows that he is also evil. Goethe believes that all people sin sometimes and God forgives us. This is shown when Gretchen is in prison and after all the sin she has done a voice from heaven grants her salvation. Even though she did sin, most of her sin was because of inexperience and she was not purposely sinning. Goethe feels that the church and religion are both useless. When Faust leaves Gretchen the first jewels, her mother takes them to the church. The church takes them saying that they are trying to help, but this can be seen as the church just trying to get money out of them.

Exchange Rates Volatility and Risks Essay

There are a number of factors that could change the value of a currency with respect to another. If the inflation rate in a country is low with respect to the inflation rate in other countries, the prices of goods and services in the country with the low inflation rate become attractive for foreigners. However, increases in demand for the goods and services in the country with a low inflation rate are expected to appreciate the value of the country’s currency (Ana, FS 2004). Changes in interest rates tend to have a similar affect on exchange rates. Foreigners would like to invest in countries where the rates of return on investment are high. As the demand for investment in a particular country increases – because it enjoys a high interest rate in comparison with other countries – the value of its currency is expected to appreciate (Ana, FS). The exchange rates at a given time are also dependent on differences between the current account balances of countries. If a country is running a current account deficit, it generally means that the country is importing more than it is exporting, so therefore investments in the country may not be considered lucrative. A country with a current account surplus, on the other hand, is considered attractive for investment. As a matter of fact, the currency of this country is as attractive to foreigners as its products and services. By increasing their demand for the country’s products and services, foreigners are expected to appreciate its currency’s value. As its currency’s value appreciates, however, investing in the country becomes less affordable (Ana, FS). When a country is experiencing a current deficit, its government may decide to borrow money to finance the self same deficit. Inflation may ensue. Moreover, if the lenders believe that there is a default risk, they may decide to sell off the debt on the open market. In the United States, treasury securities may be used for this reason. In any case, the selling of the debt on the open market is expected to exert downward pressure on the foreign exchange rate (Ana, FS). Exchange rates are also affected by the political climate of a country at any given time. Political disturbance in a country may result in a loss of investor confidence in its currency. Conversely, countries that enjoy relatively stable political climates are able to attract investment and experience appreciations in the values of their currencies (Bergen, JA 2007). Undoubtedly, a firm must be able to manage the different kinds of political risks that it may have to face by investing in a particular country. There are three main types of political risks: firm-specific risks, country-specific risks, and global-specific risks. Of the three types of political risks, firm-specific risks include the volatility of exchange rates. These risks are expected to affect the multinational enterprise at the corporate and/or project level (Frenkel, M, Karman, A, & Scholtens, B 2004). For this reason, an exchange rate risk or currency risk – from the perspective of an American investor – is defined as follows: The risk that a business’ operations or an investment’s value will be affected by changes in exchange rates. For example, if money must be converted into a different currency to make a certain investment, changes in the value of the currency relative to the American dollar will affect the total loss or gain on the investment when the money is converted back. This risk usually affects businesses, but it can also affect individual investors who make international investments (Exchange Rate Risk 2007). There are three types of exposure to exchange rate volatility that an investor may have to confront. The firm faces translation exposure when its reported accounting profits must be adjusted as a result of foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Transaction exposure is the result of the firm’s agreement to undertake certain â€Å"foreign exchange transactions during the current period (Bolster, P 2006). † As an example, an importer may sign an agreement to purchase a specific quantity of goods from Country A and pay a certain amount of money to the country in ninety days. Through this agreement the importer is obligated to pay Country A by purchasing the units of Country A’s currency in ninety days. Seeing that the exchange rate may change in ninety days, the importer is exposed to currency risk (Bolster, P). Lastly, investors may have to face economic exposure to exchange rate volatility. This type of exposure to exchange rates volatility results from the need of the firm to conduct business activities in another country in future. Bolster, P describes economic exposure as â€Å"the need for foreign exchange transactions and exposure to exchange rate fluctuations that results from future business activities. † The experience of Toyota in the U. S. utomobile market helps to explain this type of exposure to exchange rate volatility. The company had managed to attain a sizeable market share in the United States. But, when the Japanese yen started to appreciate in relation to the U. S. dollar, the revenues of the company dropped significantly (Bolster, P). The good news is that it is possible for investors to manage the political risks, including the firm-specific risks that they may be exposed to. â€Å"Limiting, diversifying, and hedging† are all viable methods of managing political risks (Frenkel, M, Karman, A, & Scholtens, B p. 20). †